干式變壓器是一種比較重要的變壓器類型，對于干式變壓器來講，一共有三種電流，一種是火線，一種是零線，另一種是地線，這三種線路是連接在一起的，實現的效果也是比較不錯的，如果達到良好的平衡效果，那么干式變壓器就會獲得佳的效果和優勢。但是在實際的運行當中，由于這樣或者是那樣的原因導致干式變壓器出現了三相電的不平衡，這樣的話危險就大了。這是因為有如下的危害供大家進行參考：

　　1、對干式變壓(ya)器自身的危害

　　通常情況下，干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)鐵損(sun)(sun)(空載(zai)損(sun)(sun)耗)和銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)(負(fu)載(zai)損(sun)(sun)耗)兩種損(sun)(sun)耗，鐵損(sun)(sun)一般不(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)會(hui)(hui)根據負(fu)載(zai)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化。當三(san)(san)相(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)時(shi)候(hou)運(yun)行(xing)，干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)負(fu)荷(he)損(sun)(sun)耗可看(kan)成三(san)(san)只單相(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)負(fu)荷(he)損(sun)(sun)耗之(zhi)和。這(zhe)有(you)可能給(gei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)造(zao)成及嚴(yan)重的(de)后果，不(bu)平(ping)衡時(shi)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成相(xiang)電流過(guo)大(da)(增為(wei)3倍(bei))，從而(er)造(zao)成繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)和干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)過(guo)熱。繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)過(guo)熱，絕緣(yuan)老化加快(kuai);干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)過(guo)熱，引起(qi)油(you)(you)質劣化，快(kuai)速減小干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)絕緣(yuan)性能，減少干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壽命(溫度每升高8℃，使用年限將會(hui)(hui)降低一半)，甚至燒毀繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)。同(tong)時(shi)三(san)(san)相(xiang)不(bu)平(ping)衡條件下運(yun)行(xing)的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產生零序(xu)(xu)磁通，零序(xu)(xu)磁通流經干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)金屬部件組(zu)成的(de)回路(lu)，是(shi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發熱，同(tong)樣影響干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行(xing)安全。

　　2、對干式(shi)變(bian)壓器相關線路(lu)的影響

　　上文提到三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不平(ping)衡會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生零序磁通，零序磁通在中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)上會(hui)(hui)(hui)變為(wei)中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)電流(liu)，這樣(yang)不但相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有損(sun)(sun)耗，同時(shi)中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生損(sun)(sun)耗，從而就會(hui)(hui)(hui)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)了電網(wang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)損(sun)(sun)耗。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，在三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四線(xian)(xian)(xian)制結線(xian)(xian)(xian)方式(shi)下(xia)(xia)，當(dang)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)衡時(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)小(xiao);當(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)，兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)輕(qing)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)較(jiao)小(xiao);當(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)輕(qing)，而第(di)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)為(wei)平(ping)均負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)較(jiao)大;當(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)輕(qing)，兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)將會(hui)(hui)(hui)大的(de)。當(dang)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)不平(ping)衡時(shi)，無論何種負(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)分(fen)配情況，電流(liu)不平(ping)衡度越大，線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)也(ye)(ye)越大。

　　3、對(dui)用電設備的影響

　　各(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)之間的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)會(hui)(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)縮短，加(jia)速部件的(de)(de)更換頻率(lv)，也就增加(jia)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)維護(hu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本。對(dui)于(yu)配變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)來講(jiang)，在三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)條件下運行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)，各(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)等的(de)(de)，這就導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其內部三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)等，從(cong)而(er)(er)造成(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)。同時(shi)(shi)，配變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)在三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)條件下運行(xing)(xing)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性線就會(hui)(hui)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過。因而(er)(er)使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性線產生(sheng)阻抗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)，從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性點漂移，致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)各(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發生(sheng)變(bian)化。負(fu)(fu)載(zai)重(zhong)的(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，而(er)(er)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)輕的(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)狀況(kuang)下供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即容(rong)易(yi)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)的(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)接帶的(de)(de)用(yong)戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)燒壞，而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)的(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)接帶的(de)(de)用(yong)戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)則可(ke)能無法使(shi)用(yong)。所(suo)以三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)運行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)，將嚴重(zhong)危及用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)安(an)全運行(xing)(xing)。對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)來講(jiang)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)也會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)逆扭矩增加(jia)，從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)溫度上升，效率(lv)下降(jiang)(jiang)，能耗增加(jia)，發生(sheng)震動，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出虧耗等影響。對(dui)于(yu)斷路(lu)器來講(jiang)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)斷路(lu)器允許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)余量減少，當(dang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)變(bian)更或交替時(shi)(shi)容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)超載(zai)、短路(lu)現(xian)象等。

　　以上是干式變(bian)壓(ya)器三相電(dian)路(lu)不平(ping)衡的(de)危害，因(yin)此遇到干式變(bian)壓(ya)器三相電(dian)不平(ping)衡就(jiu)要進行(xing)去適(shi)當地解決，促進干式變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)三相電(dian)的(de)平(ping)衡運轉，達到一個合理的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)才(cai)行(xing)!